Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a short-lived perennial or biennial wildflower native to eastern North America, where it thrives in prairies, open woodlands, roadsides, and disturbed areas. Recognizable by its golden-yellow petals and dark brown central cone, this iconic species provides a striking display from mid-summer to early fall. It imakes an excellent component of pollinator gardens due to its adaptability and ability to establish quickly in a variety of conditions. Although naturalized throughout western North America, it should not be intentionally introduced to natural settings.
 
Black-eyed Susan is an excellent resource for pollinators, attracting a diverse array of bees, butterflies, and beetles. The abundant nectar and pollen provide food for native bee species, while butterflies and other beneficial insects rely on it throughout the summer. Additionally, the seeds serve as a valuable food source for finches and other seed-eating birds in the fall and winter, enhancing its role in supporting biodiversity. Its deep root system also helps stabilize soil, making it a great addition to erosion control plantings.
 
This adaptable species thrives in full sun and well-drained soils, tolerating sandy, loamy, and clay-rich substrates. Black-eyed Susan is easy to grow from seed, but may benefit from a period of cold stratification for optimal germination. Seeds can be sown directly in the fall or in early spring to provide a brief cold stratification period.